Sources:
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Solids suspended in water may consist of organic or inorganic particles or of
immiscible liquids.
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Inorganic solids such as clay, silt, and other soil constituents are common in
surface water.
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Organic material such as plant fibers biological solids (algal cells, bacteria
etc) are also common constituents of surface waters.
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Other suspended material may result from human use of water.
Impacts:
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material may be objectionable in water for several reasons.
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It is aesthetically displeasing & provides adsorption sites for chemical
&biological agents.
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Suspended organic solids may be degraded biologically, resulting in objectionable
by products.
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Biologically active suspended solids may include disease-causing organisms as
well as organisms such as toxin-producing strains of algae.
Measurement
The total solids test quantifies all
the solids in the water, suspended & dissolved, organic & inorganic.
This parameter is measured by evaporating a sample to dryness &
weighing the residue. The total quantity of residue is expressed as milligrams
per liter (mg/L) on a dry-mass-of-solids basis. A drying temperature slightly
above boiling (104 degree C) is sufficient to drive off the liquid and the
water absorbed to the surface of the particles, while a temperature of about
180 degree C is necessary to evaporate the occluded water.
Use:
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Suspended solids parameter is used to measure the quality of the waste water
influent, to monitor several treatment processes, and to measure the quality of
effluent.
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EPA has set a maximum suspended solids standard of 30mg/L for most treated
waste water discharges.
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