Temperature
is not used to evaluate directly either portable water or waste water. It is
however, one of the most important parameters in natural-surface water systems.
Temperature has an effect on most chemical reactions that occur in natural
water system.
Sources:
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The temperature of natural water systems responds to many factors.
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The ambient temperature (temperature of the surrounding atmosphere) being the
most universal. Generally, shallow bodies of water are affected by ambient
temperatures than are deeper bodies.
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Removal of forest canopies and irrigation return flows can also result in
increased stream temperature.
Impacts:
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Cooler waters usually have a wider diversity of biological species.
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At lower temperatures, the rate of biological activity, i.e., utilization of
food supplies, growth, reproduction etc, is slower.
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If the temperature is increased, biological activity increases. An increase of
10 degree C is usually sufficient to double the biological activity, if
essential nutrients are present.
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Temperature changes affect the reaction rates and solubility levels of
chemicals.
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The viscosity of water increases with decreasing temperature.
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Higher order species, such as fish, are affected dramatically by temperature
and by dissolved oxygen levels, which are a function of temperature.
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Game fish generally require cooler temperatures and higher dissolved oxygen
levels.
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